FreeIPA是一个用于Linux/Unix环境的开源身份管理系统，它提供集中式帐户管理和身份验证， 如Microsoft Active Directory或LDAP。FreeIPA集成389目录服务器、MIT Kerberos、Apache HTTP服务器、NTP、DNS、Dogtag(证书系统)和SSSD，使其成为管理标识、策略和执行审计跟踪的单 一集成安全解决方案。FreeIPA支持通过Web UI和命令行工具来执行管理任务，其主要功能包括： 身份识别: (机器、用户、虚拟机、组、身份验证凭据) 策略: (配置设置，访问控制信息) 审计跟踪: (事件、日志、分析)
1，我们安装带有集成DNS的FreeIPA，需确保网络配置文件中的 DNS1=127.0.0.1 vi /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 127.0.0.1 2，设置hostname hostnamectl set-hostname ipa.kclouder.local 3，添加hosts条目 echo "192.168.17.20 ipa.kclouder.local ipa" >> /etc/hosts
1，安装 bind-dyndb-ldap，通过FreeIPA管理集成的DNS yum install -y ipa-server ipa-server-dns bind-dyndb-ldap 2，启动Bind(DNS)服务，并设置自动启动 systemctl start named systemctl enable named 3，执行以下命令开始安装FreeIPA ipa-server-install
[root@ipa ~]# ipa-server-install The log file for this installation can be found in /var/log/ipaserver-install.log ============================================================================== This program will set up the IPA Server. This includes: * Configure a stand-alone CA (dogtag) for certificate management * Configure the Network Time Daemon (ntpd) * Create and configure an instance of Directory Server * Create and configure a Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) * Configure Apache (httpd) * Configure the KDC to enable PKINIT To accept the default shown in brackets, press the Enter key. Do you want to configure integrated DNS (BIND)? [no]: Enter the fully qualified domain name of the computer on which you're setting up server software. Using the form <hostname>.<domainname> Example: master.example.com. Server host name [ipa.kclouder.local]: ipa.kclouder.local Warning: skipping DNS resolution of host ipa.kclouder.local The domain name has been determined based on the host name. Please confirm the domain name [kclouder.local]: The kerberos protocol requires a Realm name to be defined. This is typically the domain name converted to uppercase. Please provide a realm name [KCLOUDER.LOCAL]: Certain directory server operations require an administrative user. This user is referred to as the Directory Manager and has full access to the Directory for system management tasks and will be added to the instance of directory server created for IPA. The password must be at least 8 characters long. Directory Manager password: Password (confirm): The IPA server requires an administrative user, named 'admin'. This user is a regular system account used for IPA server administration. IPA admin password: Password (confirm): Checking DNS domain kclouder.local., please wait … Do you want to configure DNS forwarders? [yes]: Following DNS servers are configured in /etc/resolv.conf: 192.168.17.2 Do you want to configure these servers as DNS forwarders? [yes]: All DNS servers from /etc/resolv.conf were added. You can enter additional addresses now: Enter an IP address for a DNS forwarder, or press Enter to skip: DNS forwarder 8.8.8.8 added. You may add another. Enter an IP address for a DNS forwarder, or press Enter to skip: Checking DNS forwarders, please wait … DNS server 192.168.17.2: answer to query '. SOA' is missing DNSSEC signatures (no RRSIG data) Please fix forwarder configuration to enable DNSSEC support. (For BIND 9 add directive "dnssec-enable yes;" to "options {}") WARNING: DNSSEC validation will be disabled Do you want to search for missing reverse zones? [yes]: The IPA Master Server will be configured with: Hostname: ipa.kclouder.local IP address(es): 192.168.17.20 Domain name: kclouder.local Realm name: KCLOUDER.LOCAL BIND DNS server will be configured to serve IPA domain with: Forwarders: 192.168.17.2, 8.8.8.8 Forward policy: only Reverse zone(s): No reverse zone Continue to configure the system with these values? [no]: yes The following operations may take some minutes to complete. Please wait until the prompt is returned. Configuring NTP daemon (ntpd) [1/4]: stopping ntpd [2/4]: writing configuration [3/4]: configuring ntpd to start on boot [4/4]: starting ntpd Done configuring NTP daemon (ntpd). Configuring directory server (dirsrv). Estimated time: 30 seconds [1/45]: creating directory server instance [2/45]: enabling ldapi [3/45]: configure autobind for root [4/45]: stopping directory server [5/45]: updating configuration in dse.ldif [6/45]: starting directory server [7/45]: adding default schema [8/45]: enabling memberof plugin [9/45]: enabling winsync plugin [10/45]: configuring replication version plugin [11/45]: enabling IPA enrollment plugin [12/45]: configuring uniqueness plugin [13/45]: configuring uuid plugin [14/45]: configuring modrdn plugin [15/45]: configuring DNS plugin [16/45]: enabling entryUSN plugin [17/45]: configuring lockout plugin [18/45]: configuring topology plugin [19/45]: creating indices [20/45]: enabling referential integrity plugin [21/45]: configuring certmap.conf [22/45]: configure new location for managed entries [23/45]: configure dirsrv ccache [24/45]: enabling SASL mapping fallback [25/45]: restarting directory server [26/45]: adding sasl mappings to the directory [27/45]: adding default layout [28/45]: adding delegation layout [29/45]: creating container for managed entries [30/45]: configuring user private groups [31/45]: configuring netgroups from hostgroups [32/45]: creating default Sudo bind user [33/45]: creating default Auto Member layout [34/45]: adding range check plugin [35/45]: creating default HBAC rule allow_all [36/45]: adding entries for topology management [37/45]: initializing group membership [38/45]: adding master entry [39/45]: initializing domain level [40/45]: configuring Posix uid/gid generation [41/45]: adding replication acis [42/45]: activating sidgen plugin [43/45]: activating extdom plugin [44/45]: tuning directory server [45/45]: configuring directory to start on boot Done configuring directory server (dirsrv). Configuring Kerberos KDC (krb5kdc) [1/10]: adding kerberos container to the directory [2/10]: configuring KDC [3/10]: initialize kerberos container [4/10]: adding default ACIs [5/10]: creating a keytab for the directory [6/10]: creating a keytab for the machine [7/10]: adding the password extension to the directory [8/10]: creating anonymous principal [9/10]: starting the KDC [10/10]: configuring KDC to start on boot Done configuring Kerberos KDC (krb5kdc). Configuring kadmin [1/2]: starting kadmin [2/2]: configuring kadmin to start on boot Done configuring kadmin. Configuring ipa-custodia [1/5]: Making sure custodia container exists [2/5]: Generating ipa-custodia config file [3/5]: Generating ipa-custodia keys [4/5]: starting ipa-custodia [5/5]: configuring ipa-custodia to start on boot Done configuring ipa-custodia. Configuring certificate server (pki-tomcatd). Estimated time: 3 minutes [1/29]: configuring certificate server instance [2/29]: exporting Dogtag certificate store pin [3/29]: stopping certificate server instance to update CS.cfg [4/29]: backing up CS.cfg [5/29]: disabling nonces [6/29]: set up CRL publishing [7/29]: enable PKIX certificate path discovery and validation [8/29]: starting certificate server instance [9/29]: configure certmonger for renewals [10/29]: requesting RA certificate from CA [11/29]: setting up signing cert profile [12/29]: setting audit signing renewal to 2 years [13/29]: restarting certificate server [14/29]: publishing the CA certificate [15/29]: adding RA agent as a trusted user [16/29]: authorizing RA to modify profiles [17/29]: authorizing RA to manage lightweight CAs [18/29]: Ensure lightweight CAs container exists [19/29]: configure certificate renewals [20/29]: configure Server-Cert certificate renewal [21/29]: Configure HTTP to proxy connections [22/29]: restarting certificate server [23/29]: updating IPA configuration [24/29]: enabling CA instance [25/29]: migrating certificate profiles to LDAP [26/29]: importing IPA certificate profiles [27/29]: adding default CA ACL [28/29]: adding 'ipa' CA entry [29/29]: configuring certmonger renewal for lightweight CAs Done configuring certificate server (pki-tomcatd). Configuring directory server (dirsrv) [1/3]: configuring TLS for DS instance [2/3]: adding CA certificate entry [3/3]: restarting directory server Done configuring directory server (dirsrv). Configuring ipa-otpd [1/2]: starting ipa-otpd [2/2]: configuring ipa-otpd to start on boot Done configuring ipa-otpd. Configuring the web interface (httpd) [1/22]: stopping httpd [2/22]: setting mod_nss port to 443 [3/22]: setting mod_nss cipher suite [4/22]: setting mod_nss protocol list to TLSv1.0 - TLSv1.2 [5/22]: setting mod_nss password file [6/22]: enabling mod_nss renegotiate [7/22]: disabling mod_nss OCSP [8/22]: adding URL rewriting rules [9/22]: configuring httpd [10/22]: setting up httpd keytab [11/22]: configuring Gssproxy [12/22]: setting up ssl [13/22]: configure certmonger for renewals [14/22]: importing CA certificates from LDAP [15/22]: publish CA cert [16/22]: clean up any existing httpd ccaches [17/22]: configuring SELinux for httpd [18/22]: create KDC proxy config [19/22]: enable KDC proxy [20/22]: starting httpd [21/22]: configuring httpd to start on boot [22/22]: enabling oddjobd Done configuring the web interface (httpd). Configuring Kerberos KDC (krb5kdc) [1/1]: installing X509 Certificate for PKINIT Done configuring Kerberos KDC (krb5kdc). Applying LDAP updates Upgrading IPA:. Estimated time: 1 minute 30 seconds [1/9]: stopping directory server [2/9]: saving configuration [3/9]: disabling listeners [4/9]: enabling DS global lock [5/9]: starting directory server [6/9]: upgrading server [7/9]: stopping directory server [8/9]: restoring configuration [9/9]: starting directory server Done. Restarting the KDC Configuring DNS (named) [1/11]: generating rndc key file [2/11]: adding DNS container [3/11]: setting up our zone [4/11]: setting up our own record [5/11]: setting up records for other masters [6/11]: adding NS record to the zones [7/11]: setting up kerberos principal [8/11]: setting up named.conf [9/11]: setting up server configuration [10/11]: configuring named to start on boot [11/11]: changing resolv.conf to point to ourselves Done configuring DNS (named). Restarting the web server to pick up resolv.conf changes Configuring DNS key synchronization service (ipa-dnskeysyncd) [1/7]: checking status [2/7]: setting up bind-dyndb-ldap working directory [3/7]: setting up kerberos principal [4/7]: setting up SoftHSM [5/7]: adding DNSSEC containers [6/7]: creating replica keys [7/7]: configuring ipa-dnskeysyncd to start on boot Done configuring DNS key synchronization service (ipa-dnskeysyncd). Restarting ipa-dnskeysyncd Restarting named Updating DNS system records Configuring client side components Using existing certificate '/etc/ipa/ca.crt'. Client hostname: ipa.kclouder.local Realm: KCLOUDER.LOCAL DNS Domain: kclouder.local IPA Server: ipa.kclouder.local BaseDN: dc=kclouder,dc=local Skipping synchronizing time with NTP server. New SSSD config will be created Configured sudoers in /etc/nsswitch.conf Configured /etc/sssd/sssd.conf trying https://ipa.kclouder.local/ipa/json trying https://ipa.kclouder.local/ipa/session/json Systemwide CA database updated. Adding SSH public key from /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub Adding SSH public key from /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub Adding SSH public key from /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub SSSD enabled Configured /etc/openldap/ldap.conf Configured /etc/ssh/ssh_config Configured /etc/ssh/sshd_config Configuring kclouder.local as NIS domain. Client configuration complete. The ipa-client-install command was successful ============================================================================== Setup complete Next steps: 1. You must make sure these network ports are open: TCP Ports: * 80, 443: HTTP/HTTPS * 389, 636: LDAP/LDAPS * 88, 464: kerberos * 53: bind UDP Ports: * 88, 464: kerberos * 53: bind * 123: ntp Be sure to back up the CA certificates stored in /root/cacert.p12 These files are required to create replicas. The password for these files is the Directory Manager password [root@ipa ~]#
4，配置防火墙，开放需要使用到的端口 for SER in ntp http https ldap ldaps kerberos kpasswd; do firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=$SER; done firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=53/udp firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=53/tcp firewall-cmd --reload
1，安装FreeIPA之后，对Kerberos领域进行身份验证，以确保正确配置管理员。 kinit admin 如果FreeIPA正常工作，以上命令将提示您输入IPA管理密码。输入您在安装过程中设置的IPA管理密码，然后按Enter。 2，通过搜索IPA用户验证FreeIPA服务器功能 ipa user-find admin [root@ipa ~]# ipa user-find admin -------------- 1 user matched -------------- User login: admin Last name: Administrator Home directory: /home/admin Login shell: /bin/bash Principal alias: admin@KCLOUDER.LOCAL UID: 72400000 GID: 72400000 Account disabled: False ---------------------------- Number of entries returned 1 ---------------------------- [root@ipa ~]#
通过浏览器访问FreeIPA服务器的IP地址192.168.17.20，会自动跳转到FreeIPA服务器的域名，说明DNS解析正常。默认用户名：admin，密码为前面安装过程中设置的密码。
FreeIPA主界面
FreeIPA用户默认的shell是sh，可以通过"IPA Server"--"Configuration"进行修改配置，将所有新用户的默认shell设置为/bin/bash。在这里还可以为新用户设置默认的用户组和家目录。
到这里CentOS上FreeIPA的安装就全部完成了。后期我们再来介绍FreeIPA的使用方法
在FreeIPA官方网站上提供了免费的，可通过以下链接进入。 url: ipa.demo1.freeipa.org Users The FreeIPA domain is configured with the following users (the password is Secret123 for all of them): admin: The FreeIPA main administrator account, has all the privileges helpdesk: A regular user with the helpdesk role allowing it to modify other users or change their group membership employee: A regular user with no special privileges manager: A regular user, set as manager of the employee user Groups To allow testing group-based authentication we created additional groups in addition to the default FreeIPA ones: employees: contains users employee and manager managers: contains user manager
https://www.kclouder.cn/centos7-freeipa-1/
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